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This article was medically reviewed by Erik Kramer, DO, MPH and by wikiHow staff writer, Christopher M. Osborne, PhD. Dr. Erik Kramer is a Board-Certified Primary Care Physician at the University of Colorado. With over 15 years of experience, his clinical interests include obesity and weight management, diabetes care, and preventive care, as well as embracing a holistic approach to primary care. He received his Doctorate in Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) from the Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine and completed his residency at Central Maine Medical Center. Dr. Kramer is a Diplomate of the American Board of Obesity Medicine.
There are 14 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page.
This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources.
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Hemoglobin is a protein in your blood that helps transport oxygen throughout your body. While a low hemoglobin level is a more common cause for medical concern, a high hemoglobin level can also indicate underlying medical or lifestyle concerns that should be addressed with your doctor’s guidance. HbA1c (or just A1c) refers to your percentage of hemoglobin with glucose attached to it, which makes it a vital indicator for pre-diabetes or diabetes. If you’re looking to lower your A1c, you can reduce it with diet, exercise, and changes in your diabetes management program.
Steps
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![Step 1 Determine the underlying cause of your high hemoglobin level.]()
Determine the underlying cause of your high hemoglobin level. An elevated hemoglobin reading nearly always indicates an underlying medical condition, environmental factor, or lifestyle choice. If you haven’t already identified this underlying cause, work with your doctor to reach an appropriate diagnosis.[1]- In virtually all cases of high hemoglobin, the goal is to treat the underlying cause, which will in turn lower your hemoglobin level.
- Your hemoglobin level is a signpost that indicates a range of possible conditions that may need treatment. If it’s too low and needs to be higher, or too high and needs to be lower, your medical team will work to identify and treat the underlying cause or causes.
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![Step 2 Treat any medical conditions causing your high hemoglobin.]()
Treat any medical conditions causing your high hemoglobin. This will depend on whether your condition is relative, such as caused by tobacco use, or if it’s absolute polycythemia, which results in increased red blood cell (RBC) mass due to elevated serum erythropoietin or production of RBCs. Many different medical conditions can lead to elevated hemoglobin levels. Follow the advice of your medical team regarding the best treatment options for you. Common conditions that require treatment include:[2]- Dehydration
- Polycythemia vera, which is when your bone marrow produces too many red blood cells
- Heart problems, especially congenital heart disease
- Lung diseases, such as emphysema, COPD, and pulmonary fibrosis
- Kidney cancer or tumors
- Liver cancer or tumors
- Hypoxia, which is when you have low blood oxygen levels
- Carbon monoxide exposure, usually due to smoking
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![Step 3 Make necessary lifestyle changes to lower your level.]()
Make necessary lifestyle changes to lower your level. If it’s not a medical condition causing your elevated hemoglobin, then the culprit is likely an environmental factor or lifestyle choice. Work with your doctor to determine if lifestyle changes are recommended. Common examples include:[3]- Using tobacco products. If you smoke or use other tobacco products, work to quit as soon as possible.[4]
- Taking performance-enhancing drugs like steroids, and especially using “blood doping” for athletic performance enhancement. This is detrimental to your health for many reasons.
- Spending time at high altitudes, which can cause hypoxia (low oxygen levels in the blood). This is more likely to be a problem for people who travel into high altitudes (such as mountain climbers) rather than people who live there.
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![Step 4 Discuss phlebotomy treatments with your doctor as needed.]()
Discuss phlebotomy treatments with your doctor as needed. In limited cases, your doctor may want to reduce your hemoglobin levels more directly. If so, you’ll likely undergo one or several phlebotomy treatments, during which a set amount of blood will be drained from your body.[5]- If the underlying cause of your high hemoglobin is also being addressed, you should be producing new blood with normal hemoglobin levels. So, over time, your overall hemoglobin levels will reduce to normal.
- The process is similar to donating blood.
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![Step 5 Ask your doctor about prescription medications for polycythemia.]()
Ask your doctor about prescription medications for polycythemia. If you have polycythemia and that is causing your high hemoglobin levels, work with your doctor to treat the condition. Your doctor may recommend a prescription medication as part of your treatment. Commonly used medicines for polycythemia include:[6]- Hydroxyurea
- Ruxolitininab
- Pegelated interferon
- Anagrelide
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![Step 6 Talk to your doctor about taking aspirin daily.]()
Talk to your doctor about taking aspirin daily. Aspirin can help to thin your blood, which may be useful if you have polycythemia. Talk to your doctor about taking aspirin daily if you have this condition. Find out what dose you should take and how often to take it. Don’t begin aspirin therapy without your doctor knowing about it first.[7]Tip: Make sure to tell your doctor about any prescription or over-the-counter medications you are taking.
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![Step 1 Eat a healthy...]()
Eat a healthy diet based on your particular needs. If you have an elevated HbA1c level, you’re likely at risk for developing diabetes or already have the condition. Therefore, your dietary needs may be somewhat different from the standard advice, based on your particular circumstances. Work with your medical team to develop the proper diet for you.[8]- In general, a healthy diet involves eating more fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, and eating fewer packaged and processed foods, sugary drinks, refined grains, and unhealthy fats.
- If you have pre-diabetes or diabetes, you may be advised to limit your carbohydrate intake and adjust your protein and fat intake, based on your unique needs.
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![Step 2 Get regular exercise...]()
Get regular exercise as advised by your doctor. If you have elevated HbA1c due to pre-diabetes or diabetes, you should work with your medical team to create an exercise plan that suits your current health and needs. In any case, it’s important to engage in both cardiovascular and strength training exercise to see the greatest benefits.[9]- Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (such as brisk walking or biking) per week, and do 2-3 strength training sessions per week that last about 30-45 minutes each.
- If you are on insulin, you may need to adjust your dosage based on your exercise schedule. Work with your doctor to fine-tune your plan.
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![Step 3 Adjust your diabetes medications if you have diagnosed diabetes.]()
Adjust your diabetes medications if you have diagnosed diabetes. Anyone with an elevated HbA1c level will be advised to make dietary and exercise changes. If you have diagnosed diabetes, your doctor will also likely advise making adjustments to your current medication regimen. The goal is to find the proper medication balance that best manages your blood glucose levels (and therefore your HbA1c readings).[10]Tip: Never feel like you’re “failing” at managing your diabetes if you have to change medications or increase your dosage. Diabetes management always requires ongoing adjustments
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![Step 4 Focus on achieving a slow, steady decrease in HbA1c.]()
Focus on achieving a slow, steady decrease in HbA1c. By making immediate and extreme dietary and exercise changes, it may be possible to rapidly decrease your HbA1c level in 1-2 months. However, dropping your HbA1c too quickly can lead to swelling, weight gain, neuropathy (nerve pain), and possibly even bleeding in the retinas that can cause blindness.[11]- Follow your medical team’s guidance and, unless otherwise directed, make gradual adjustments to your diet, exercise program, and medication regimen.
- Your goal will likely be to reduce your HbA1c level over the course of 1-2 years rather than 1-2 months.
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![Step 1 Have your hemoglobin checked as part of standard blood testing.]()
Have your hemoglobin checked as part of standard blood testing. High hemoglobin carries no symptoms on its own, so it’s usually discovered in one of two ways: during standard, occasional blood testing requested by your doctor; or, during blood testing done as part of the diagnosis for an underlying medical condition.[12]- High hemoglobin will be detected during a CBC (complete blood count) test, which is the standard blood draw done at medical facilities.
Tip: Get CBC testing done whenever your doctor recommends it. CBC testing can aid in early detection of infections, cancers, bone marrow disorders, and autoimmune conditions, among others.
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![Step 2 Discuss your ideal hemoglobin range with your doctor.]()
Discuss your ideal hemoglobin range with your doctor. The ideal hemoglobin range isn’t the same for everyone, as it varies based on factors such as age. For example, here is one widely-used hemoglobin range chart:[13]- Children ages 6 months to 4 years: 11 g/dL or above
- Children ages 5 to 12 years: 11.5 g/dL or above
- Children ages 12 to 15 years: 12 g/dL or above
- Males over age 15: 13.8 to 17.2 g/dL
- Females over age 15: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL
- Pregnant females: 11 g/dL or above
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![Step 3 Get your HbA1c checked every 3 months if you have diabetes.]()
Get your HbA1c checked every 3 months if you have diabetes. Due to hemoglobin’s life cycle, your HbA1c reading provides a snapshot of your average blood glucose level over the past 3 months. Therefore, it’s essential for people with diabetes to have their HbA1c tested via blood draw every 3 months.[14]- Your doctor will fine-tune your treatment program based on your most recent HbA1c results.
- If you have pre-diabetes, which means you nearly meet the criteria for a diabetes diagnosis, your doctor might also recommend testing every 3 months.
- If you don’t have diabetes or pre-diabetes and aren’t at elevated risk, you’ll probably only have your HbA1c tested occasionally as part of general blood testing.
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![Step 4 Work with your doctor to determine your particular HbA1c goal.]()
Work with your doctor to determine your particular HbA1c goal. Your HbA1c level is one of the determining factors in diagnosing pre-diabetes or diabetes. If you’ve already been diagnosed, your medical team will determine the appropriate HbA1c goal for you.[15]- An HbA1c reading below 5.7% is considered normal for someone without pre-diabetes or diabetes.
- If you have an HbA1c level between 5.7% and 6.4%, you may be diagnosed with pre-diabetes.
- An HbA1c result that’s over 6.5% may result in a diabetes diagnosis.
- If you have diabetes, your goal will likely be to keep your HbA1c level under 7%. This depends on your particular circumstances, however.
Common Questions: Reducing Your Hemoglobin
What should I avoid if my hemoglobin is high?
Avoid sugars and starches in your diet. Starchy carbs include foods made with white flour, rice, corn, most packaged foods, and potatoes. Replace these foods with lean proteins to help lower your hemoglobin. You should also avoid smoking and taking performance-enhancing drugs.[16]
What are symptoms of high hemoglobin?
The most common symptoms of high hemoglobin may include dizziness, easy bruising or bleeding, fatigue, headaches, swollen joints, excessive sweating, unexplained weight loss, and yellowish eyes or skin (jaundice).[17]
What causes high hemoglobin in adults?
The most common causes of high hemoglobin that are related to lifestyle include smoking, living at a high altitude, and dehydration. Medical conditions that can cause high hemoglobin include congenital heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, kidney or liver cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis.[18]
What makes hemoglobin drop fast?
The quickest way to lower your hemoglobin is by reducing your sugar and starch consumption (or eliminating them from your diet completely) and replacing these foods with lean proteins. Starchy carbs include foods made with white flour, rice, corn, or potatoes. You'll also notice a boost in your energy levels in about 2 weeks.[19]
Tips
List of Foods to Eat and Avoid and Meal Plan to Help Lower HbA1c Levels
References
- ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17789-high-hemoglobin-count
- ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17789-high-hemoglobin-count
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526081/
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5511531/
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK574569/
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526081/
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526081/
- ↑ https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/treatment/index.html
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-testing/prediabetes-a1c-test.html
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551501/
- ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-test/
- ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-a1c-hba1c-test/
- ↑ https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis/a1c-test#1
- ↑ https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis/a1c-test#1
- ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17789-high-hemoglobin-count
- ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17789-high-hemoglobin-count
- ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17789-high-hemoglobin-count
- ↑ https://www.swfamilyphysicians.com/blog/5-ways-to-lower-your-hemoglobin-a1c
About This Article
Medical Disclaimer
The content of this article is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, examination, diagnosis, or treatment. You should always contact your doctor or other qualified healthcare professional before starting, changing, or stopping any kind of health treatment.
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