This article was reviewed by Ben Barkan and by wikiHow staff writer, Janice Tieperman. Ben Barkan is a Garden and Landscape Designer and the Owner and Founder of HomeHarvest LLC, an edible landscapes and construction business based in Boston, Massachusetts. Ben has over 12 years of experience working with organic gardening and specializes in designing and building beautiful landscapes with custom construction and creative plant integration. He is a Certified Permaculture Designer, Licensed Construction Supervisor in Massachusetts, and a Licensed Home Improvement Contractor. He holds an associates degree in Sustainable Agriculture from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
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A compost pit (also known as trench composting) is one of the easiest, most low-maintenance ways to compost. Unlike other composting methods, which require frequent maintenance, pit composting just requires a little elbow grease upfront: you just have to dig the pit, add the compost, cover the compost with soil, and bam—in a few months to a year you’ll have compost that’s ready to nourish to your garden and lawn. We’ll take a step-by-step look at how to set up a compost pit in your yard, along with some other composting methods you might be interested in.
How do you make a compost pit?
Dig a hole or trench that’s 12 to 15 in (30.5 to 38 cm) deep and around 8 to 10 in (20 to 25 cm) wide. Fill the bottom 4 in (10 cm) of this pit with compost material, and then cover it up with the displaced soil and mulch. In 1 year (possibly less), feel free to plant on top of your compost.
Steps
Compost Pit Tutorial
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Dig a hole or trench for the compost pit. Find an open space where you can comfortably dig a hole or trench—someplace near an existing (or future) flower/vegetable garden is a great option. Make your pit between 12 and 15 in (30.5 to 38 cm) deep and 8 to 10 in (20 to 25 cm) wide. Depending on your yard space, you can make the pit a singular hole or a longer trench.[1]
- Feel free to make more than one hole or trench, depending on the amount of space you have to work with. Digging holes rather than trenches may be more manageable if you don’t have a lot of compost material to discard.
- If you have fruit trees in your yard, consider digging compost pits beneath the outer edge of the branches. This placement allows the compost to nourish the tree’s roots more efficiently.
- Pro tip: To maximize your efficiency, set up your compost pit in the autumn months so it has plenty of time to decompose before the planting season.[2]
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Chop your compost materials finely. Slice or physically break down larger pieces of compost, like leftover chunks of vegetables. The more fine your compost is, the more efficiently it will decompose.[3]
- Kitchen scraps can be ripped apart by hand, chopped with a knife, or even pulverized in a blender or food processor. Yard scraps can be broken down using a lawn mower. Aim for pieces no bigger than 2 to 3 in (5 to 8 cm) long, wide, and thick.
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Fill the bottom 4 in (10 cm) of the pit with compost. Don’t fill it up all the way—the majority of the compost pit will be filled with soil. If you end up having more compost than you expected, feel free to dig another hole or trench.[4]
- Use a shovel to mix the materials together so that they decompose as evenly as possible. It’s especially important to make sure your carbon-rich materials (such as paper and dried leaves) are mixed thoroughly with your nitrogen-rich materials (like vegetable scraps and fresh grass clippings). Well-mixed compost materials are important from the outset, as you generally do not turn the materials like you would with other kinds of compost setups.
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Cover up the compost with soil and mulch. Fill the pit until it is level with the surrounding soil. For a little extra protection, spread out some straw or other mulch over the pit. Seeding the area with grass or similar vegetation can also work well for this.[5]
- Do the food scraps look dry? Drizzle over them with a hose before shoveling the soil overtop.[6]
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Wait a few months to 1 year for your pit to finish decomposing. Unlike other composting methods (like “hot” composting), a compost trench requires several months (or even a year) to finish decomposing. In well-nourished, well-draining soil, your compost can be ready in as little as 2-3 months, but this isn’t always the case.[7]
- If your soil is mineral-based and lacks good drainage, you might have to wait much longer for your compost to ready.
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Grow plants above the compost pit when it has decomposed. Your soil is now deeply enriched beneath the surface, which makes it perfect for your future landscaping and gardening needs. Plant your desired seeds and sprouts into the soil with the confidence that they’ll be well-nourished.[8]
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Dig a new trench to prepare a new compost pit. If you have plenty of other food scraps, dead leaves, and other materials ready to go, feel free to repeat the process all over again! Dig another hole or trench, fill it up, cover it with soil and mulch, and wait for the compost to decompose.[9]
Can You Mix Compost With Soil?
Expert Q&A
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QuestionWhat do you mean by the 4 in (10cm)?Lauren KurtzLauren Kurtz is a Naturalist and Horticultural Specialist. Lauren has worked for Aurora, Colorado managing the Water-Wise Garden at Aurora Municipal Center for the Water Conservation Department. She earned a BA in Environmental and Sustainability Studies from Western Michigan University in 2014.
Professional GardenerYour layer of compost won’t exceed a depth of 4 in (10 cm) in the pit. If your pit is 12 inches (30.5 cm) deep, your compost layer will be 4 in (10 cm) and the fill dirt will be 8 in (20 cm). -
QuestionWhat is a compost pit?Kate ZhangCommunity AnswerIt's basically a compost, but simpler. It is used when you only need compost in a certain area. The compost is done underground rather than in a compost bin. Therefore, it is easier for the good compost dirt to be transferred. You can just place the plants in the compost pit and you will have good dirt for months.
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QuestionHow is it useful to the environment?Community AnswerCompost is useful to the environment because it reuses the nutrients in organic waste (like food and yard clippings) rather than throwing them away in a landfill, where your yard won't benefit from them at all.
Video
Tips
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Think about setting up a 3-year rotation system for your compost trenches. This involves digging a trench, creating a walkway, and planting crops all close together. Each year, alternate the location of the trench, walkway, and crops (e.g., the former trench becomes the walkway, the former walkway becomes the crops, and the former crop soil becomes the trench).[15]Thanks
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If you don’t have a compost bin on hand, feel free to build your own.Thanks
References
- ↑ https://lancaster.unl.edu/trench-composting
- ↑ https://compost.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5-Trenching.pdf
- ↑ https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home
- ↑ https://lancaster.unl.edu/trench-composting
- ↑ https://compost.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5-Trenching.pdf
- ↑ https://lancaster.unl.edu/trench-composting
- ↑ https://compost.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/5-Trenching.pdf
- ↑ https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/sarasota/natural-resources/waste-reduction/composting/what-is-composting/methods/#trench
- ↑ https://lancaster.unl.edu/trench-composting
- ↑ https://www.rhs.org.uk/soil-composts-mulches/composting
- ↑ https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home
- ↑ https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home
- ↑ https://extension.umd.edu/resource/how-make-compost-home/
- ↑ https://www.bhg.com/how-to-use-a-compost-tumbler-6754169
- ↑ https://lancaster.unl.edu/trench-composting
About This Article
To make a compost pit, start by digging a hole 1 foot deep and as large as you want depending on how much compost you plan to make. Then, chop up your scraps from the kitchen or yard finely to help speed up the decomposition process. Next, spread your yard waste and kitchen scraps in the pit, taking care not to have a layer of organic material any deeper than 4 inches. Additionally, make sure items like paper and dried leaves are well mixed with vegetable scraps, as this will aid decomposition. Finish by covering your pit with a board to keep animals out. For tips on how to speed up the composting process, read on!
Reader Success Stories
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"An excellent fertilizer. We get it at no cost, and it's an environment friendly process."