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If marijuana is legal where you live and you've ever stepped inside a dispensary, you might've been overwhelmed by the sheer number of different strains available. All these strains can be split into 2 main types: indica, which is more of a downer, and sativa, which is more of an upper.[1] As it turns out, the 2 types are different in a lot of different ways. Here, we've gathered different attributes you can use to tell indica and sativa apart, whether you're smoking them, looking at a jar of buds, or walking through a cultivation center.

1

Names of Strains

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  1. With sativa strains, you'll see words like "diesel" and "power" that capitalize on the energetic nature of the sativa high. Indica strains tend to have more mellow names. Sativa strains are also more likely to have fruits, like pineapple or strawberry, in their names, due to the plant's fruity aroma when smoked.[2]
    • Many popular indica strains include the word "kush" in their names since indica originates in the Kush mountains, which span the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan.[3]
    • Hybrid strains usually have names that reflect the dominant type. For example, "Pineapple Express" is a sativa-dominant hybrid, while "Cookies Kush" is an indica-dominant.
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2

Bud Size and Density

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  1. If you're looking at a jar of buds, you can typically tell indica apart from sativa simply by the shape of the buds. Sativa buds are long and cylindrical compared to indica buds, which are more round. Indica buds are also incredibly dense compared to sativa buds.[4]
    • Hybrids, which are a combination of sativa and indica plants, usually take on the bud shape of the dominant strain. So if those buds have a sausage shape, you know the dominant strain is sativa.
  1. If you stick your nose in a jar of fresh buds or catch a whiff of someone's smoke, you might be able to tell the type by smell alone. Indica produces a heavier, mustier smell compared to sativa, which can smell fruity or spicy. Why do they smell different? Terpenes![5]
    • Limonene is a terpene that's heavy in sativa strains. This terpene is responsible for the energy you get from sativa. It's also common in citrus fruits, which explains the fruity aroma many sativa strains have.
    • Linalool and pinene are terpenes with relaxing effects that are found in indica strains. If you couldn't guess from the name, pinene can also be found in pine needles and contributes to indica's earthy aroma.
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4

Mental Effects

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  1. [6] Sativa is typically considered more of a daytime cannabis because it can give you energy and improve your focus. Indica, on the other hand, has a calming effect that relaxes your mind and promotes sleep. For that reason, most people prefer to use indica strains at night.[7]
    • These are very general differences in the mental effects for the 2 basic types. Different people can have different experiences depending on their own mental state. For example, if you have ADHD, you might find that sativa calms you.
    Jorge Cervantes
    Jorge Cervantes, Bestselling Marijuana Author

    Indica strains tend to provide a more relaxing, sedative effect that can help relieve pain, anxiety, and sleep issues. Sativas usually deliver a more energetic, uplifting high that sparks creativity and focus. But the reality is more nuanced, with countless hybrid strains exhibiting mixed traits.

5

Physical Effects

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  1. [8] While sativa is used to treat chronic pain, its effects are more mental than indica's. Indica is the type that gives you a "body high," relaxing your muscles and reducing tension.[9]
    • If you want a mix of both, try an indica-dominant hybrid. The CBD in the indica will mellow out the THC for a more relaxed buzz than you'd get with sativa alone, but you'll still get more of a buzz than you would with pure indica.
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6

Medical Benefits

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7

Active Compounds

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  1. The specific amount of the compounds depends on the strain.[11] Some indica strains only contain CBD while others contain THC and CBD.[12]
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8

Plant Size and Shape

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  1. Sativa plants are tall and thin with the branches reaching upward. When cultivated outdoors, sativa plants may grow up to 12 feet (3.7 m) tall! Indica plants seldom grow more than 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, but are wider at the base than sativa plants, shaped similar to a pine tree.[16]
    • The usable part of the sativa plant tends to be about halfway up the plant, while indica buds flourish all the way down to the bottom of the stalk.
9

Leaf Appearance

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  1. Sativa leaves are the model for the stereotypical pot leaf icon you see on T-shirts, hats, and stickers. Indica leaves are fat, wide, and flat.[17]
    • Although the leaves of both types grow in the same pattern, this is typically the easiest way to distinguish the 2 types of cannabis. Indica leaves are usually double or even triple the width of sativa leaves.
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11

Growing Conditions

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Expert Q&A

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  • Question
    Is hemp or CBD better for pain?
    Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH
    Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH
    Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education
    Dr. Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH is the founder and Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education. Dr. Corroon is a licensed Naturopathic Doctor and clinical researcher. In addition to clinical practice, Dr. Corroon advises dietary supplement and cannabis companies regarding science, regulation, and product development. He is well published in the peer-review literature, with recent publications that investigate the clinical and public health implications of the broadening acceptance of cannabis in society. He earned a Masters in Public Health (MPH) in Epidemiology from San Diego State University. He also earned a Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine degree from Bastyr University, subsequently completed two years of residency at the Bastyr Center for Natural Health, and is a former adjunct professor at Bastyr University California.
    Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH
    Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education
    Expert Answer
    CBD is most commonly used to reduce pain and improve sleep, while hemp oil is primarily used to supplement one’s diet with important fatty acids that may reduce inflammation.
  • Question
    Does topical CBD actually work?
    Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH
    Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH
    Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education
    Dr. Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH is the founder and Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education. Dr. Corroon is a licensed Naturopathic Doctor and clinical researcher. In addition to clinical practice, Dr. Corroon advises dietary supplement and cannabis companies regarding science, regulation, and product development. He is well published in the peer-review literature, with recent publications that investigate the clinical and public health implications of the broadening acceptance of cannabis in society. He earned a Masters in Public Health (MPH) in Epidemiology from San Diego State University. He also earned a Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine degree from Bastyr University, subsequently completed two years of residency at the Bastyr Center for Natural Health, and is a former adjunct professor at Bastyr University California.
    Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH
    Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education
    Expert Answer
    Yes, but these products do not drive CBD deep enough into the body to reach the bloodstream. As a result, it is unlikely that this method of administration would help with things like anxiety, seizures, sleep problems and other symptoms or medical conditions.
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Tips

  • Statements on labels that claim a specific therapeutic effect, like “promotes sleep”, “reduces pain”, should be interpreted with skepticism. Given the federal prohibition on marijuana, the US FDA has not sanctioned any health-related claims for marijuana products.[21]
  • If you're just starting to explore cannabis, keep a journal. Write down information about each strain you purchase, including the percentages of CBD, THC, and different terpenes. Then, describe the effects it had on you and how you liked it. You can use this information to find the best strains for you.
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  1. https://www.cnbs.org/cannabis-types/sativa-vs-indica/
  2. Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH. Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education. Expert Interview. 10 March 2020.
  3. https://greenleafmc.ca/our-learning-centre/sativa-vs-indica
  4. https://www.cnbs.org/cannabis-types/sativa-vs-indica/
  5. Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH. Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education. Expert Interview. 10 March 2020.
  6. Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH. Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education. Expert Interview. 10 March 2020.
  7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736954/
  8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736954/
  9. https://thesourcenv.com/know-your-cannabis-eight-differences-between-indica-and-sativa/
  10. https://wayofleaf.com/cannabis/101/differences-between-indica-and-sativa-strains
  11. https://www.cnbs.org/cannabis-types/sativa-vs-indica/
  12. Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH. Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education. Expert Interview. 10 March 2020.
  13. Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH. Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education. Expert Interview. 10 March 2020.
  14. https://www.chicagotribune.com/marijuana/sns-tft-liststory-cannabis-laws-around-the-world-20210715-n6bdtyofrnaddj7x4ipiesmxdq-list.html
  15. https://www.cnbs.org/health/
  16. https://www.clovrcannabis.com/blog/difference-between-indica-sativa
  17. Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH. Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education. Expert Interview. 10 March 2020.
  18. Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH. Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education. Expert Interview. 10 March 2020.

About This Article

Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH
Co-authored by:
Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education
This article was co-authored by Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH and by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD. Dr. Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH is the founder and Medical Director of the Center for Medical Cannabis Education. Dr. Corroon is a licensed Naturopathic Doctor and clinical researcher. In addition to clinical practice, Dr. Corroon advises dietary supplement and cannabis companies regarding science, regulation, and product development. He is well published in the peer-review literature, with recent publications that investigate the clinical and public health implications of the broadening acceptance of cannabis in society. He earned a Masters in Public Health (MPH) in Epidemiology from San Diego State University. He also earned a Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine degree from Bastyr University, subsequently completed two years of residency at the Bastyr Center for Natural Health, and is a former adjunct professor at Bastyr University California. This article has been viewed 143,715 times.
42 votes - 95%
Co-authors: 6
Updated: August 20, 2024
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Categories: Recreational Drugs
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