How to Tread Water Easily and Effortlessly

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Keep calm and stay afloat with these treading techniques

Co-authored by Brad Hurvitz and Ali Garbacz, B.A.

Last Updated: March 21, 2024 Fact Checked

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Basic Movements

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Treading Techniques

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Q&A

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Tips

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Warnings

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Treading water is one of the first steps you can take towards learning how to swim, and it’s also a very important skill to learn when it comes down to survival situations. This article will break down the various techniques and help you master the movements needed to tread water. As you read, practice each movement so you can feel more confident and safe the next time you step into the water.

Things You Should Know

Stay upright in the water and spread your arms out, moving them back and forth as you move your legs in a motion similar to pedaling a bike.
Conserve energy by laying on your back and paddling your arms and legs.
Tread water just with your feet by kicking your feet with toes pointed in a flutter kick, or by bending your legs at the knee and kicking them out in a frog kick.
Keep yourself afloat using the sculling technique by spreading your arms out to the side, bringing your hands together in front of your chest, then pushing back outwards.

Method 1

Method 1 of 2:

Basic Movements

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Make use of all four of your limbs and keep your body upright (vertical). Turning your body horizontally and kicking with your legs will mean that you’re swimming, not treading water.^{[1]
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Move your arms forward and back with your palms facing the direction your arms are moving. This will keep your upper body up. Moving your arms in a vertical motion will cause your body to bob up and down in the water.^{[2]
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If you are moving your legs in a circular fashion, keep them flexed as your move them in a way similar to how you would pedal a bike. If you are kicking back and forth, point your feet downward and kick them constantly.^{[3]
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Keep your head above water and try to slowly regulate your breathing. Lift your chin and slightly tilt back your head. Slowing down your breath will help you calm down, conserve energy, and tread water for longer.^{[4]
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Give your body a temporary break from paddling by angling your body so you’re slightly leaning back in the water. You'll still have to paddle with both arms and legs, but not nearly as much as you would have to with your body vertical.^{[5]
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If there is anything near you that you can hold onto to stay afloat, do so in order to save energy. A raft, log, paddle, or anything equally as buoyant will do the trick.^{[6]
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Method 2

Method 2 of 2:

Treading Techniques

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1
Start easy by doing the dog paddle. Extend one arm and draw it back in towards your body, and then keep alternating between your left and right arms in a clawing motion. Point your toes and keep kicking your feet the entire time.^{[7]
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- Advantage: This basic technique doesn’t require a lot of practice
- Disadvantage: It saps energy fast, so you won't be able to do this technique for very long.
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Use your feet as propellers by doing the flutter kick. Keep your arms outstretched for balance and kick your feet rapidly. Point your toes downward and kick one leg forward as you kick the other leg back. Maintain a consistent back and forth motion.
- Advantage: Your arms remain free while doing the flutter kick, giving you an opportunity to rest them.
- Disadvantage: Because you're using just your legs to stay above water, it can be taxing for your lower body.
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Save energy by doing the frog kick. Starting with your legs together, bend your legs at the knees then quickly extend them and whip them to the side. Draw your legs back together and repeat the motion. Point your toes as you kick out your legs and flex them when you bring your legs back together.^{[8]
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- Advantage: This kick is less tiring than the flutter kick and the dog paddle.
- Disadvantage: The technique causes you to bob up and down in the water instead of staying relatively motionless.
4
Tread water with just your hands by sculling. To scull, keep your hands outstretched to the side and completely submerged. With your palms facing inward, keep your arms straight and move your hands towards one another until they are almost touching. When you've reached this point, turn your palms outward and move your hands back out to their original position. Keep your arms moving in one fluid motion without stopping between moving your arms forward then back.^{[9]
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- Advantage: Your legs remain free when sculling, allowing you to combine this with another foot treading technique such as the flutter kick.
- Disadvantage: Minus your head, your entire body will be submerged in the water.
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Tread for a longer period of time with the eggbeater. Also called the “rotary kick,” do this by circling one leg clockwise and the other counterclockwise. You should be kicking one leg out as you bring the other in.^{[10]
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- Advantage: You save a lot of energy doing this technique if done correctly.
- Disadvantage: This is a hard technique to perfect, and many people need to practice extensively in order to learn it.
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Tread water horizontally with the little helicopter. Lay back in the water as you would when you float on your back. Immediately move your hands in a backwards circular motion and kick your feet up and down with pointed toes.
- Advantage: It’s very simple to explain to children.
- Disadvantage: Moving your hands in this circular motion can become tiring.

Community Q&A

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Question

How do I get over a fear of deep water?

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Fear of deep water is natural. To overcome this, first learn to swim various strokes properly, master one stroke and learn one way of treading and one way of floating which you feel comfortable with, all in water depth you feel comfortable with. Then slowly enter the deep water and spend a bit of time to adjust yourself. It can help to have a good swimmer with you, for reassurance.

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How do I face my fear of drowning?

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Try wearing goggles and practice going underwater, you'll feel better if you can see what's happening. Start by going under for a few seconds and see if you can gradually increase your time.

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What should I do when water enters my nose while swimming?

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Blow air through your nose when water enters it.

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Tips

If you need to, use flotation devices. They can get you used to floating in the water.

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The more salt or sugar in the water, the easier it is to float.

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Exercising will make it easier to hold your body weight up in water.

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Warnings

If you're new at swimming, don't try to impress somebody in the water (like treading water without arms, without legs, etc.).

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Always swim with a buddy so you can watch out for each other.

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