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Maybe you’ve painted before, but did you know you can paint with smoke? This art known as “fumage” has been practiced by many visionary artists, including well-known surrealist Salvador Dali. We’re here to teach you how to start using this delicate medium to create exciting new textures and patterns. Read on to learn how you can create your own smoke-based masterpiece.

  1. If you do not have a work area that you can afford to mark with wax drippings, lay out a covering (such as an old tablecloth) to catch the dripping wax.
  2. You'll need to work from beneath the canvas most of the time, so you may want to hang it from an elevated position, but if you can manage to hold it with one hand, you can use your non-dominant hand to change its angle as the candle's flame moves across the surface.[1]
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  3. Slender candles work best, but feel free to experiment. It's helpful to keep a pillar candle lit nearby to quickly re-light the one in use.[2]
  4. As you guide the candle just beneath the canvas, you will see dark shapes forming on the surface of your canvas.
  5. The best way to "learn" fumage is to experiment with it. See what effects you can get by using tilting the canvas or the candle slightly, or by moving the candle at different speeds or in different patterns of motion. For more information, see the "tips" section below.[3]
  6. When you are satisfied with your design, apply the fixative (a stabilizing or preserving agent, such as varnish) to keep it from smearing. Before you do so, you may wish to intentionally smear some of the soot marks with your hand, a brush, or some other implement.
  7. Wolfgang Paalen, the father of fumage, quickly progressed toward using fumage as a catalyst for his artworks, the seed from which the whole work would spring forth. With the fumage work providing his starting point, he would then add layers of oil paint, for example, to fully express his artistic vision. You can apply other media to the canvas either before or after you apply the fixative.
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  • Question
    Would it not burn the paper?
    Community Answer
    Community Answer
    No, smoke alone will not burn it, as long as the heat source is kept a safe distance.
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Tips

  • Vary candle width/length and wick length. Longer wicks allow for more fluid patterning. Short wicks are good for darker applications, filling in certain areas.
  • Vary the angle at which you hold the candle. For example, when the flame is directly perpendicular to the surface, it will make a circle.
  • Before you apply the fixative try using different-sized erasers to create patterns in the smoke design. Using this apply/erase method, detailed layering is possible.
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Warnings

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Things You'll Need

  • Fire extinguisher.
  • Candles.
  • A "canvas" or base of some sort: paper (at least 100 lb. weight, preferably heavier,) illustration/Bristol board, Masonite (gessoed to make the surface more receptive), wood, or fiberboard, etc.
  • Fixative (Fixatives used for charcoal or pencil drawings are appropriate, and may be purchased at your local art supply store).
  • Matches/lighter.
  • Flame retardant floor covering/workbench.

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About This Article

Jeanine Hattas Wilson
Reviewed by:
Professional Painter
This article was reviewed by Jeanine Hattas Wilson. Jeanine Hattas Wilson is a Professional Painter and the President of Hattas Public Murals, Inc. With nearly 20 years of experience, Jeanine specializes in creating, overseeing, designing, and painting murals. Jeanine holds a BA in Advertising from Marquette University and a Studio Painting Minor from The Milwaukee Institute of Art & Design. She has studied at The Atelier Artien in Paris, France, Los Angeles Academy of Figurative Art, and under renowned artists such as Robert Liberace, Michael Siegel, and William Cochran. To date, Hattas Public Murals has painted nearly 5,000 commissioned works of art in homes and commercial and public spaces. This article has been viewed 292,688 times.
77 votes - 80%
Co-authors: 26
Updated: May 13, 2024
Views: 292,688
Categories: Painting Media
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 292,688 times.

Reader Success Stories

  • Siyamthanda Marshall

    Siyamthanda Marshall

    Jan 16, 2019

    "This really helped me a lot. I needed to use this technique for my project, and there wasn't a good, clear,..." more
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